... in re slagging, fouling, corrosion and bed sintering. Fortum BioMAC BFB boilers are designed especially for nconventional fuels such as rice husk, olive waste, straw, on residue, de-inking sludge, etc. The design of each boiler is made based on advanced theoretical prediction extensive fuel testing...

... air emissions (SO 2 — 820–1360 mg/MJ; NO x — 90–110 mg/MJ), fouling and corrosion of heating surfaces, low efficiency and low operational reliability seemed to be solved. Oil shale CFB firing at much lower temperatures (∼800°C) than pulverized firing (∼1400°C) results only partial decomposition...