Hydrothermal growth is an important industrial process to produce piezoelectric crystals such as quartz. It takes place in a cylindrical container called an autoclave, which is filled with aqueous solution at a high temperature and a high pressure. The high temperature growth condition is maintained through electrical resistors on the outer surface of an autoclave. In practice there is a non-uniform heating condition in the circumferential direction. Many theoretical and numerical studies, however, assume an axisymmetric heating condition. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the three-dimensional heat transfer and fluid flow in hydrothermal growth due to such non-uniform heating. The analysis is based on an industry-size autoclave with an aspect ratio of 10. The non-uniform heating is introduced on the surface of both the lower dissolving chamber and the upper growing chamber of an autoclave with and without a baffle at the middle height. The flow and isotherm patterns were obtained with the temperature difference between the two chambers kept at 10 °C. The circumferentially non-uniform temperature has dramatic effects on the three-dimensional flow and therefore the temperature distribution in the autoclave. When the dissolving chamber is subjected to circumferentially non-uniform heating, a baffle is essential to create a uniform growth environment in the growing chamber. To obtain high quality single crystals, however, the temperature control on the growing chamber wall is more important than that on the dissolving chamber wall.
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ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference
July 14–18, 2002
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Conference Sponsors:
- Fluids Engineering Division
ISBN:
0-7918-3615-0
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow in an Industry-Size Hydrothermal Autoclave Subjected to Non-Uniform Heating
Guo-Xiang Wang,
Guo-Xiang Wang
University of Akron, Akron, OH
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Edward A. Evans
Edward A. Evans
University of Akron, Akron, OH
Search for other works by this author on:
Hongmin Li
University of Akron, Akron, OH
Guo-Xiang Wang
University of Akron, Akron, OH
Edward A. Evans
University of Akron, Akron, OH
Paper No:
FEDSM2002-31403, pp. 963-970; 8 pages
Published Online:
February 24, 2009
Citation
Li, H, Wang, G, & Evans, EA. "Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow in an Industry-Size Hydrothermal Autoclave Subjected to Non-Uniform Heating." Proceedings of the ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. Volume 1: Fora, Parts A and B. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. July 14–18, 2002. pp. 963-970. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/FEDSM2002-31403
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