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Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering | Volume 130 | Issue 2 | Research Paper
Research Papers

Ultimate Limit State Assessment of the M.V. Derbyshire Hull Structure

[+] Author and Article Information
Jeom Kee Paik1

Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-Dong, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Koreajeompaik@pusan.ac.kr

Jung Kwan Seo, Bong Ju Kim

Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-Dong, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Korea

1

Corresponding author.

J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng 130(2), 021002 (Feb 28, 2008) (9 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2779332 History: Received October 18, 2006; Revised April 27, 2007; Published February 28, 2008
Article
References
Figures
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Citing Articles

The Capesize bulk carrier, M.V. Derbyshire, sank in the North West Pacific during typhoon Orchid in September 1980 when she was on a voyage from Canada to Japan carrying fine iron ore concentrates. Since then, extensive investigations of the vessel sinking have previously been made in the literature primarily by the formal safety assessment technique to explore the loss causes, but serious speculation on the failure of hull structures has been lacking in such investigations. The present paper investigates the possibility of the vessel sinking initiated by the failure of hull structures rather than by other loss scenarios, such as hatch cover failure subsequent to water ingress into the cargo holds. Ultimate limit state assessments of individual stiffened panels and hulls of the M.V. Derbyshire under extreme bending moments during the last voyage in storm are made using ALPS/ULSAP and ALPS/HULL computer programs. It is concluded that the M.V. Derbyshire could have sunk by hull girder collapse with or even without unintended water ingress into cargo holds. Important insights and findings developed from the present study are summarized.
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Copyright © 2008 by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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References

1
Faulkner, D., 1998, “An Independent Assessment of the Sinking of the M. V. Derbyshire,” Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., Trans., 106 , pp. 59–103.
2
Paik, J. K., and Faulkner, D., 2003, “Reassessment of the M. V. Derbyshire Sinking With the Focus on Hull-Girder Collapse,” Marine Technology, 40 (4), pp. 258–269.
3
Paik, J. K., and Thayamballi, A. K., 1998, “The Strength and Reliability of Bulk Carrier Structures Subject to Age and Accidental Flooding,” Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., Trans., 106 , pp. 1–40.
4
ALPS/HULL , 2006, a computer program for progressive collapse analysis of ship hulls, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
5
ALPS/ULSAP , 2006, a computer program for ultimate limit state assessment for stiffened panels, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
6
IACS, 2006, "Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers", International Association of Classification Societies, London.
7
Hogben, N., Dacunha, N. M. C., and Oliver, G. F., 1986, "Global Wave Statistics", Unwin Brothers, Surrey, UK.
8
Hogben, N., 1990, “Long Term Wave Statistics,” "Ocean Engineering Science", Wiley, New York, Vol. 9 (A), Sec. 8.
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Loukakis, T. A., and Chryssostomidis, C., 1975, “Seakeeping Series for Cruiser Stern Ships,” Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., Trans., 83 , pp. 67–127.
10
Mansour, A. E., 1987, “Extreme Value Distributions of Wave Loads and Their Application to Marine Structures,” "Proceedings of Marine Structural Reliability Symposium", SNAME, pp. 159–167.
11
Mansour, A. E., 1990, “An Introduction to Structural Reliability Theory,” Ship Structure Committee, Report No. SSC-351.
12
Mansour, A. E., and Hovem, L., 1994, “Probability Based Ship Structural Safety Assessment,” J. Ship Res., 38 (4), pp. 329–339.
13
Paik, J. K., and Thayamballi, A. K., 2003, "Ultimate Limit State Design of Steel-Plated Structures", Wiley, Chichester, UK.
14
Paik, J. K., Lee, J. M., and Ko, M. J., 2004, “Ultimate Shear Strength of Plate Elements With Pit Corrosion Wastage,” Thin-Walled Struct.  [CrossRef], 42 , pp. 1161–1176.
15
Paik, J. K., and Lee, M. S., 2005, “A Semi-Analytical Method for the Elastic-Plastic Large Deflection Analysis of Stiffened Panels Under Combined Biaxial Compression/Tension, Biaxial In-Plane Bending, Edge Shear and Lateral Pressure Loads,” Thin-Walled Struct.  [CrossRef], 43 , pp. 375–410.
16
Paik, J. K., and Duran, A., 2004, “Ultimate Strength of Aluminum Plates and Stiffened Panels for Marine Applications,” Marine Technology, 41 (3), pp. 108–121.
17
Paik, J. K., van der Veen, S., Duran, A., and Collette, M., 2005, “Ultimate Compressive Strength Design Methods of Aluminum Welded Stiffened Panel Structures for Aerospace, Marine and Land-Based Applications, A Benchmark Study,” Thin-Walled Struct.  [CrossRef], 43 , pp. 1550–1566.
18
Paik, J. K., Lee, J. M., and Ko, M. J., 2003, “Ultimate Compressive Strength of Plate Elements With Pit Corrosion Wastage,” Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 217 (M4), pp. 185–200.
19
Paik, J. K., Lee, J. M., and Lee, D. H., 2003, “Ultimate Strength of Dented Steel Plates Under Axial Compressive Loads,” Int. J. Mech. Sci.  [CrossRef], 45 , pp. 433–448.
20
Satish Kumar, Y. V., and Paik, J. K., 2004, “Buckling Analysis of Cracked Plates Using Hierarchical Trigonometric Functions,” Thin-Walled Struct.  [CrossRef], 42 , pp. 687–700.
21
Paik, J. K., Satish Kumar, Y. V., and Lee, J. M., 2005, “Ultimate Strength of Cracked Plate Elements Under Axial Compression or Tension,” Thin-Walled Struct.  [CrossRef], 43 , pp. 237–272.
22
Paik, J. K., and Seo, J. K., 2005, “Ultimate Limit State Assessment of Ship Structures,” "Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Methods in Marine Engineering (MARINE 2005)", Oslo, Norway, June 27–29.
23
Paik, J. K., Lee, J. M., Shin, Y. S., and Wang, G., 2004, “Design Principles and Criteria for Ship Structures Under Impact Pressure Loads Arising From Sloshing, Slamming and Green Waters,” Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Eng., Trans., 112 , pp. 292–313.
24
Paik, J. K., and Shin, Y. S., 2006, “Structural Damage and Strength Criteria for Ship Stiffened Panels Under Impact Pressure Actions Arising From Sloshing, Slamming and Green Water Loading,” Ships and Offshore Structures, 1 (3), pp. 249–256.
25
Paik, J. K., Seo, J. K., Kim, B. J., Suh, Y. S., and Jang, B. S., 2007, “Methods for Ultimate Limit State Assessment of Marine Structures: A Benchmark Study,” "Proceedings of MARSTRUCT 2007, Advancements in Marine Structures", Glasgow, March 12–14, pp. 249–262.
26
MAESTRO , 2006, Proteus Engineering, Stevensville, MD (http://www.proteusengineering.com).
27
Paik, J. K., 2003, “A Guide for the Ultimate Longitudinal Strength Assessment of Ships,” Marine Technology, 41 (3), pp. 122–139.
28
Paik, J. K., 2004, “Principles and Criteria for Ultimate Limit State Design and Strength Assessment of Ship Hulls,” Int. J. Marit. Eng., 146 (A3), pp. 1–11.
29
Paik, J. K., and Thayamballi, A. K., 2006, "Ship-Shaped Offshore Installations, Design, Building, and Operation", Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
+Loss scenarios of bulk carriers, following Paik and Thayamballi (3)
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Loss scenarios of bulk carriers, following Paik and Thayamballi (3)
Figure 1

Loss scenarios of bulk carriers, following Paik and Thayamballi (3)

Grahic Jump Location
+A stiffened plate structure considered for ULS assessment by ALPS/ULSAP (5)
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A stiffened plate structure considered for ULS assessment by ALPS/ULSAP (5)
Figure 4

A stiffened plate structure considered for ULS assessment by ALPS/ULSAP (5)

Grahic Jump Location
+ALPS/HULL sample modeling for a stiffened plate structure as an assembly of plate-stiffener separation units (left) or plate-stiffener combination units (right)
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ALPS/HULL sample modeling for a stiffened plate structure as an assembly of plate-stiffener separation units (left) or plate-stiffener combination units (right)
Figure 5

ALPS/HULL sample modeling for a stiffened plate structure as an assembly of plate-stiffener separation units (left) or plate-stiffener combination units (right)

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme sagging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP . (b) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme hogging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP (upside down).
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(a) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme sagging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP . (b) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme hogging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP (upside down).
Figure 7

(a) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme sagging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP . (b) Selected ULS assessment results of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure under an extreme hogging condition in the storm using MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP (upside down).

Grahic Jump Location
+MAESTRO-ALPS/HULL model used for the progressive collapse analysis of the M.V. Derbyshire hull under vertical bending moment
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MAESTRO-ALPS/HULL model used for the progressive collapse analysis of the M.V. Derbyshire hull under vertical bending moment
Figure 8

MAESTRO-ALPS/HULL model used for the progressive collapse analysis of the M.V. Derbyshire hull under vertical bending moment

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .
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(a) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .
Figure 10

(a) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) Collapse mode distribution of individual components at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .

Grahic Jump Location
+The vertical bending versus the bending curvature curve of the M.V. Derbyshire hull obtained by ALPS/HULL
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The vertical bending versus the bending curvature curve of the M.V. Derbyshire hull obtained by ALPS/HULL
Figure 11

The vertical bending versus the bending curvature curve of the M.V. Derbyshire hull obtained by ALPS/HULL

Grahic Jump Location
+(a) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .
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(a) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .
Figure 9

(a) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under sagging obtained by ALPS/HULL . (b) von Mises stress distribution at ULS under hogging obtained by ALPS/HULL .

Grahic Jump Location
+Midship section drawing of the M.V. Derbyshire hull
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Midship section drawing of the M.V. Derbyshire hull
Figure 2

Midship section drawing of the M.V. Derbyshire hull

Grahic Jump Location
+Three cargo hold model for a MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP ULS assessment of individual stiffened panels of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure
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Three cargo hold model for a MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP ULS assessment of individual stiffened panels of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure
Figure 6

Three cargo hold model for a MAESTRO-ALPS/ULSAP ULS assessment of individual stiffened panels of the M.V. Derbyshire hull structure

Grahic Jump Location
+Last known loading condition of the M.V. Derbyshire (cargo centroids assume a level within the confines of hatchway opening with a 33deg angle of repose beyond hatch boundaries)
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Last known loading condition of the M.V. Derbyshire (cargo centroids assume a level within the confines of hatchway opening with a 33deg angle of repose beyond hatch boundaries)
Figure 3

Last known loading condition of the M.V. Derbyshire (cargo centroids assume a level within the confines of hatchway opening with a 33deg angle of repose beyond hatch boundaries)

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