Fig. 1 ( a ) Cathode sheets treated with steel needles and PTFE suspension, ( b ) the contact angle between untreated carbon paper and electrolyte is approximately 64 deg, ( c ) the contact angle between PTFE-treated carbon paper and electrolyte is approximately 115 deg, ( d ) schematic diagram of... More about this image found in ( a ) Cathode sheets treated with steel needles and PTFE suspension, ( b ) ...

Fig. 2 ( a ) Basic cathode structure and ( b ) cathode with microchannel structure More about this image found in ( a ) Basic cathode structure and ( b ) cathode with microchannel structure...

Fig. 3 ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries with different cathode microchannel radii at a current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 More about this image found in ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries ...

Fig. 4 ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries with different cathode microchannel morphologies at a current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 More about this image found in ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries ...

Fig. 5 ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries with different numbers of cathode microchannels at a current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 More about this image found in ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries ...

Fig. 6 ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries with different cathode microchannel distributions at a current density of 0.2 mA cm −2 More about this image found in ( a ) Discharge voltage curve and ( b ) discharge performance of batteries ...

Fig. 1 Equalization circuit topology More about this image found in Equalization circuit topology

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of discharge control stage: ( a ) discharge energy transfer route, ( b ) FSBB converter operation in discharge buck mode, and ( c ) FSBB converter operation in discharge boost mode More about this image found in Schematic diagram of discharge control stage: ( a ) discharge energy transf...

Fig. 3 Cooperative control method for active equalization and EIS online measurements More about this image found in Cooperative control method for active equalization and EIS online measureme...

Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of EIS online measurement during discharge stage More about this image found in Schematic diagram of EIS online measurement during discharge stage

Fig. 5 Waveforms of key signals during online measurement of EIS of battery B1: ( a ) excitation current given signal waveforms, ( b ) excitation current waveforms of battery B1, and ( c ) response voltage waveforms of battery B1 More about this image found in Waveforms of key signals during online measurement of EIS of battery B1: ( ...

Fig. 6 Topology of digital quadrature vector-type lock-in amplifier More about this image found in Topology of digital quadrature vector-type lock-in amplifier

Fig. 7 Experimental platform and hardware circuit: ( a ) experimental platform and ( b ) hardware circuit More about this image found in Experimental platform and hardware circuit: ( a ) experimental platform and...

Fig. 8 Parts of the key waveforms of the FSBB converter for energy equalization: ( a ) discharge stage buck drive signal waveforms, ( b ) discharge stage boost drive signal waveforms, ( c ) discharge stage voltage and current regulation signal waveforms, ( d ) charge stage buck drive signal wavefo... More about this image found in Parts of the key waveforms of the FSBB converter for energy equalization: (...

Fig. 8 Parts of the key waveforms of the FSBB converter for energy equalization: ( a ) discharge stage buck drive signal waveforms, ( b ) discharge stage boost drive signal waveforms, ( c ) discharge stage voltage and current regulation signal waveforms, ( d ) charge stage buck drive signal wavefo... More about this image found in Parts of the key waveforms of the FSBB converter for energy equalization: (...

Fig. 9 Energy transfer curves of the battery pack during the static period More about this image found in Energy transfer curves of the battery pack during the static period