Abstract

Experimental evaluation of cyclic variability or combustion instabilities of waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel blends powered compression ignition engine is presented in this article. An advanced in-vehicle combustion analyzer armed with a piezoelectric pressure sensor was used for accurate measurements eradicating the experimental uncertainty. Cyclic variation in the combustion was investigated using the statistical and wavelet analysis method. Results of statistical methods and wavelet analysis were agreeing with each other toward self-validation. Statistical methods were used to calculate the mean and coefficient of variations, while the wavelet method has the potential to analyze the cyclic variation topography together with the intensity of variations in the engine combustion cycle, especially at low engine load conditions. Overall combustion analysis including wavelet analysis and statistical method indicates a more silent and smoother engine operation with biodiesel blending as it enhances combustion stability in unmodified diesel engines in comparison with conventional diesel fuel.

References

1.
Kirubakaran
,
M.
, and
Selvan
,
V. A. M.
,
2018
, “
A Comprehensive Review of Low Cost Biodiesel Production From Waste Chicken Fat
,”
Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.
,
82
(
1
), pp.
390
401
.
2.
Singh
,
D.
,
Sharma
,
D.
,
Soni
,
S. L.
,
Sharma
,
S.
,
Kumar Sharma
,
P.
, and
Jhalani
,
A.
,
2020
, “
A Review on Feedstocks, Production Processes, and Yield for Different Generations of Biodiesel
,”
Fuel
,
262
, p.
116553
.
3.
Nabi
,
M. N.
, and
Rasul
,
M. G.
,
2018
, “
Influence of Second Generation Biodiesel on Engine Performance, Emissions, Energy and Exergy Parameters
,”
Energy Convers. Manage.
,
169
, pp.
326
333
.
4.
Kolakoti
,
A.
,
Mosa
,
P. R.
,
Kotaru
,
T. G.
, and
Mahapatro
,
M.
,
2020
, “
Optimization of Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Sunflower Oil by Taguchi and Ann Techniques
,”
J. Therm. Eng.
,
6
(
5
), pp.
712
723
.
5.
Wei
,
L.
,
Cheung
,
C. S.
, and
Ning
,
Z.
,
2017
, “
Influence of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel on Combustion, Unregulated Gaseous Emissions and Particulate Emissions of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine
,”
Energy
,
127
, pp.
175
185
.
6.
Sharon
,
H.
,
Karuppasamy
,
K.
,
Soban Kumar
,
D. R.
, and
Sundaresan
,
A.
,
2012
, “
A Test on DI Diesel Engine Fueled With Methyl Esters of Used Palm Oil
,”
Renewable Energy
,
47
(
X
), pp.
160
166
.
7.
Abed
,
K. A.
,
El Morsi
,
A. K.
,
Sayed
,
M. M.
,
El Shaib
,
A. A.
, and
Gad
,
M. S.
,
2018
, “
Effect of Waste Cooking-Oil Biodiesel on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine
,”
Egypt. J. Pet.
,
27
(
4
), pp.
985
989
.
8.
Patel
,
C.
,
Chandra
,
K.
,
Hwang
,
J.
,
Agarwal
,
R. A.
,
Gupta
,
N.
,
Bae
,
C.
,
Gupta
,
T.
, and
Agarwal
,
A. K.
,
2019
, “
Comparative Compression Ignition Engine Performance, Combustion, and Emission Characteristics, and Trace Metals in Particulates From Waste Cooking Oil, Jatropha and Karanja Oil Derived Biodiesels
,”
Fuel
,
236
, pp.
1366
1376
.
9.
Yildizhan
,
Ş
,
Uludamar
,
E.
,
Çalık
,
A.
,
Dede
,
G.
, and
Özcanlı
,
M.
,
2017
, “
Fuel Properties, Performance and Emission Characterization of Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) in a Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Diesel Engine
,”
Eur. Mech. Sci.
,
1
(
2
), pp.
56
62
.
10.
Jaliliantabar
,
F.
,
Ghobadian
,
B.
,
Carlucci
,
A. P.
,
Najafi
,
G.
,
Mamat
,
R.
,
Ficarella
,
A.
,
Strafella
,
L.
,
Santino
,
A.
, and
De Domenico
,
S.
,
2020
, “
A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Pilot Injection, EGR Rate, IMEP and Biodiesel Characteristics on a CRDI Diesel Engine
,”
Energy
,
194
, p.
116860
.
11.
Ozdor
,
N.
,
Dulger
,
M.
, and
Sher
,
E.
,
2010
, “
Cyclic Variability in Spark Ignition Engines A Literature Survey
,” SAE Technical Paper. Series,
1
(
412
).
12.
Saxena
,
M. R.
, and
Maurya
,
R. K.
,
2018
, “Characterization of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Conventional Diesel Engine Using Wavelets,”
Advances in Internal Combustion Engine Research
, vol. 1,
D. K.
Srivastava
,
A. K.
Agarwal
,
A.
Datta
, and
R. K.
Maurya
, eds.,
Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
,
Singapore
, pp.
135
155
.
13.
Beshai
,
S. W.
,
Deniz
,
O.
,
Chomiak
,
J.
, and
Gupta
,
A. K.
,
1988
, “
Cycle-by-Cycle Variation of Maximum Energy Release Rates in a Spark Ignition Engine
,”
ASME Winter Annual Meeting, Forum on Industrial Applications of Fluid Mechanics
,
Chicago, IL
,
Nov. 28–Dec. 2
, ASME, pp.
5
8
.
14.
Beshai
,
S.
,
Deniz
,
O.
,
Gupta
,
A.
, and
Chomiak
,
J.
,
1990
, “
Effect of Piston Geometry on Cyclic Variation of Heat Release Rate in an IC Engine
,”
Proceedings of the AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE 26th Joint Propulsion Conference
,
Orlando, FL
, Paper No. 90-2440.
15.
Chiatti
,
G.
,
Chiavola
,
O.
, and
Palmieri
,
F.
,
2017
, “
Vibration and Acoustic Characteristics of a City-Car Engine Fueled With Biodiesel Blends
,”
Appl. Energy
,
185
(
1
), pp.
664
670
.
16.
Rakopoulos
,
D. C.
,
Rakopoulos
,
C. D.
, and
Kyritsis
,
D. C.
,
2016
, “
Butanol or DEE Blends With Either Straight Vegetable Oil or Biodiesel Excluding Fossil Fuel: Comparative Effects on Diesel Engine Combustion Attributes, Cyclic Variability and Regulated Emissions Trade-off
,”
Energy.
,
115
(
1
), pp.
314
325
.
17.
Gharehghani
,
A.
,
Mirsalim
,
M.
, and
Hosseini
,
R.
,
2020
, “
Effects of Waste Fi Sh Oil Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics and Emission
,”
Renewable Energy
,
101
, pp.
930
936
.
18.
Abdalla
,
A. N.
,
Ali
,
O. M.
,
Awad
,
O. I.
, and
Tao
,
H.
,
2019
, “
Wavelet Analysis of an SI Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variations Fuelled With the Blending of Gasoline-Fuel Oil at a Various Water Content
,”
Energy Convers. Manage.
,
183
, pp.
746
752
.
19.
Torrence
,
C.
, and
Compo
,
G. P.
,
1998
, “
A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis
,”
Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.
,
79
(
1
), pp.
61
78
.
20.
Sen
,
A. K.
,
Longwic
,
R.
,
Litak
,
G.
, and
Górski
,
K.
,
2008
, “
Analysis of Cycle-to-Cycle Pressure Oscillations in a Diesel Engine
,”
Mech. Syst. Signal Process.
,
22
(
2
), pp.
362
373
.
21.
Maurya
,
R. K.
,
Saxena
,
M. R.
, and
Akhil
,
N.
,
2016
, “Experimental Investigation of Cyclic Variation in a Diesel Engine Using Wavelets,”
Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
, Vol.
1
,
S.
Berretti
,
S. M.
Thampi
, and
P. R.
Srivastava
, eds.,
Springer, Cham
,
Switzerland
, pp.
247
257
.
22.
Ali
,
O. M.
,
Mamat
,
R.
,
Abdullah
,
N. R.
, and
Adam
,
A.
,
2016
, “
Analysis of Blended Fuel Properties and Engine Performance With Palm Biodiesel e Diesel Blended Fuel
,”
Renewable Energy
,
86
, pp.
59
67
.
23.
Tarabet
,
L.
,
Loubar
,
K.
,
Lounici
,
M. S.
,
Khiari
,
K.
,
Belmrabet
,
T.
, and
Tazerout
,
M.
,
2014
, “
Experimental Investigation of Di Diesel Engine Operating With Eucalyptus Biodiesel/Natural Gas Under Dual Fuel Mode
,”
Fuel.
,
133
, pp.
129
138
.
24.
Pera
,
C.
,
Knop
,
V.
, and
Reveillon
,
J.
,
2015
, “
Influence of Flow and Ignition Fluctuations on Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Early Flame Kernel Growth
,”
Proc. Combust. Inst.
,
35
(
3
), pp.
2897
2905
.
25.
Wang
,
Y.
,
Pengzhan Liu
,
S. O.
, and
Zhang
,
Z.
,
2007
, “
Preparation of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil via Two-Step Catalyzed Process
,”
Energy Convers. Manage.
,
48
(
1
), pp.
184
188
.
26.
Chandrasekaran
,
S. R.
,
Avasarala
,
S.
,
Jalal
,
F.
,
Miranda
,
L. R.
, and
Paneerselvam
,
S. I.
,
2010
, “
Experimental Investigation on Variation of FFA in Used Cooking Oil and Optimization of Conversion to Biodiesel
,”
Proceedings of the ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability
, pp.
1111
1114
, Paper No. ES2010-90505.
27.
Ali
,
O. M.
,
Yusop
,
A. F.
,
Rasul
,
M.
,
Yasin
,
M. H. M.
,
Mamat
,
R.
,
Hamidi
,
M. A.
, and
Ismail
,
M. Y.
,
2017
, “
Study of Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Properties and Wavelet Analysis on Cyclic Variations in a Diesel Engine
,”
Energy Procedia
,
110
, pp.
498
503
.
28.
Moffat
,
R. J.
,
1985
, “
Using Uncertainty Analysis in the Planning of an Experiment
,”
ASME J. Fluids Eng.
,
107
(
2
), pp.
173
178
.
29.
Turkcan
,
A.
,
2020
, “
The Effects of Different Types of Biodiesels and Biodiesel-Bioethanol-Diesel Blends on the Cyclic Variations and Correlation Coefficient
,”
Fuel
,
261
, p.
116453
.
30.
Giridharan
,
R.
,
Rajan
,
A. V.
, and
Krishnan
,
B. R.
,
2020
, “
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Algae Oil in Diesel Engine
,”
Mater. Today: Proc.
,
37
(
2
), pp.
576
579
.
31.
Ağbulut
,
Ü
,
Ayyıldız
,
M.
, and
Sarıdemir
,
S.
,
2020
, “
Prediction of Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics for a CI Engine at Varying Injection Pressures
,”
Energy.
,
197
.
32.
Kyrtatos
,
P.
,
Brückner
,
C.
, and
Boulouchos
,
K.
,
2016
, “
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Diesel Engines
,”
Appl. Energy
,
171
, pp.
120
132
.
33.
Selim
,
M. Y. E.
,
2001
, “
Pressure-Time Characteristics in Diesel Engine Fueled With Natural Gas
,”
Renewable Energy
,
22
(
4
), pp.
473
489
.
You do not currently have access to this content.