A compact, high power density turbo-generator system was conceived, designed, and experimentally tested. The air-to-power (A2P) device with a nominal design point of 50 W electric power output operates on high pressure air such as from a plant pneumatic system or from a portable bottle of pressurized air. A concept design study was first carried out to explore the design space for a range of output power at cost efficiency levels specified in collaboration with industry. The cost efficiency is defined as the cost of electrical power over the cost of pressurized air. The key challenge in the design is the relatively low power demand of 50 W while operating at high supply pressures of nominally 5–6 bars. To meet the cost efficiency goal under these conditions, a high-speed turbine and generator are required with small blade span , minimizing the mass flow while achieving the highest possible turbine performance. Since turbines with such small turbomachinery blading are not commercially available, a silicon-based micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) turbine was designed using 2D and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computations. To reduce the development time, existing and previously demonstrated custom-made generator and ceramic ball bearing technology were used, resulting in a compact A2P proof-of-concept demonstration. The cylindrical device of 35 mm diameter resembles a tube fitting with a standard M24 adapter. Without load, a top turbine speed of 475,000 rpm was demonstrated, exceeding the design specification. Using load resistors, the proof-of-concept A2P device achieved 30 W of electrical power at 360,000 rpm and a turbine efficiency of 47%, meeting the cost efficiency goal. Higher speeds under load could not be achieved due to thrust load limitations of the off-shelf ball bearings. The demonstrated performance is in good agreement with the projected CFD based predictions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of a self-contained, 50 W class turbo-generator of hybrid architecture where a MEMS turbine disk is joined with a precision machined titanium shaft and aluminum housing.
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October 2011
Research Papers
Demonstration of a Palm-Sized 30 W Air-to-Power Turbine Generator
S. Sato,
S. Sato
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
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S. Jovanovic,
S. Jovanovic
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
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J. Lang,
J. Lang
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Z. Spakovszky
Z. Spakovszky
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
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S. Sato
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
S. Jovanovic
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
J. Lang
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139
Z. Spakovszky
Gas Turbine Laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, Cambridge, MA 02139J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Oct 2011, 133(10): 102301 (10 pages)
Published Online: May 2, 2011
Article history
Received:
May 10, 2010
Revised:
July 16, 2010
Online:
May 2, 2011
Published:
May 2, 2011
Citation
Sato, S., Jovanovic, S., Lang, J., and Spakovszky, Z. (May 2, 2011). "Demonstration of a Palm-Sized 30 W Air-to-Power Turbine Generator." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. October 2011; 133(10): 102301. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4002826
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