In the present work we experimentally examined the effect of enhanced freestream turbulence on the film-cooling efficiency in an axisymmetric supersonic nozzle. A considerable reduction in the film-cooling efficiency was observed with increasing level of flow turbulence, both in the subsonic and supersonic parts of the Laval nozzle. For instance, an increase in the freestream turbulence number from 0.2% to 15% resulted in more than twofold deterioration of film-cooling efficiency. A similar decrease of film-cooling efficiency was also observed under off-design flow conditions. At the same time, the increase in the freestream turbulence number had almost no effect on the recovery factor and on the distribution of static pressure over the length of the nozzle. The Kutateladze-Leont'ev asymptotic theory of gas cooling films was used to generalize the experimental data for nozzle flows with allowance for flow nonisothermality, compressibility, longitudinal pressure gradient, and high freestream turbulence number.
Issue Section:
Forced Convection
Keywords:
cooling,
film flow,
compressible flow,
aerodynamics,
nozzles,
subsonic flow,
supersonic flow,
turbulence
1.
Goldstein
, R. J.
, 1971, “Film cooling
,” Advances in Heat Transfer
, T. F.
Irvine
and J. P.
Hartnett
, eds., Academic Press
, New York
, Vol. 7
, pp. 321
–379
.2.
Kutateladze
, S. S.
, and Leontiev
, A. I.
, 1990, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer and Friction in Turbulent Boundary Layer
, Hemisphere
, New York, p. 305
.3.
Volchkov
, E. P.
, 1983, Film Cooling
, Nauka
, Novosibirsk, p. 259
(in Russian).4.
Leontiev
, A. I.
, 1999, “Heat and Mass Transfer Problems in Film Cooling
,” ASME J. Heat Transfer
0022-1481, 121
, pp. 509
–527
.5.
Srinivasan
, V.
, Simon
, T. W.
, and Goldstein
, R. J.
, 2001, “Technical Issues Covered in Turbine 2000
,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
0077-8923, 934
, pp. 1
–10
.6.
Fukukawa
, T.
, and Ligrani
, P. M.
, 2002, “Transonic Film Cooling Effectiveness From Shaped Holes on a Simulated Turbine Airfoil
,” J. Thermophys. Heat Transfer
0887-8722, 16
, pp. 228
–237
.7.
Ligrani
, P. M.
, Saumweber
, C.
, Schulz
, A.
, and Wittig
, S.
, 2001, “Shock Wave-Film Cooling Interactions in Transonic Flows
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
0889-504X, 123
, pp. 785
–797
.8.
Kovalev
, V. I.
, Lushik
, V. G.
, Sizov
, V. I.
, and Yakubenko
, A. E.
, 1992, “3rd Parametric Turbulence Model: Numerical Investigation of Boundary Layer With Film Cooling
,” Fluid Dyn.
0015-4628, 27
, pp. 35
–42
.9.
Duyban
, E. P.
, and Epik
, E. Ya.
, 1985, Heat and Mass Transfer and Hydrodynamics of High Turbulence Flows
, Naukova Dumka
, Kiev, p. 296
.10.
Kondjoyan
, A.
, Peneau
, F.
, and Boisson
, H. C.
, 2002, “Effect of High Free Stream Turbulence on Heat Transfer Between Plates and Air Flows: A Review of Existing Experimental Results
,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.
1290-0729, 41
, pp. 1
–16
.11.
Carlson
, L. W.
, and Talmor
, E.
, 1968, “Gaseous Film Cooling at Various Degrees of Hot-Gas Acceleration and Turbulence Levels
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 11
, pp. 1695
–1713
.12.
Launder
, B. E.
, and York
, J.
, 1974, “Discrete-Hole Cooling in the Presence of Free Stream Turbulence and Strong Favorable Pressure Gradient
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 17
, pp. 1403
–1409
.13.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, Misyura
, S. Ya.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1991, “Effects of Turbulence Intensity on Slot Protection Performance
,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys.
0021-8944, 32
, pp. 360
–364
.14.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, Misyura
, S. Ya.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1994, “Efficiency of a Protective Gas Film With High Injection Ratios in a Highly Turbulent Main Flow
,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys.
0021-8944, 35
, pp. 49
–52
.15.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, Misyura
, S. Ya.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1995, “Effect of Flow Turbulence on Film Cooling Efficiency
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 38
, pp. 2117
–2125
.16.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1999, “Heat Transfer in a Wall Jet at High Turbulence of Cocurrent Stream
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
0017-9310, 42
, pp. 599
–612
.17.
Batchelor
, G. K.
, 1953, The Theory of Gomogeneous Turbulence
, Cambridge University Press
, Cambridge, England.18.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, Misyura
, S. Ya.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1995, “Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Film Cooling Efficiency in Laval Nozzle
” High Temp.
0018-151X, 16
(4
), pp. 832
–836
.19.
Lebedev
, V. P.
, Lemanov
, V. V.
, Misyura
, S. Ya.
, and Terekhov
, V. I.
, 1993, “Effect of Flow Acceleration and Initial Turbulence Level on Velocity Fluctuations
,” Fluid Dyn.
0015-4628, 28
(5
), pp. 624
–629
.20.
Librizzi
, J.
, and Gresci
, R. J.
, 1964, “Transpiration Cooling of a Turbulent Boundary Layer in an Axisimmetric Nozzle
,” AIAA J.
0001-1452, 2
(4
), pp. 617
–624
.21.
Nicolas
, I. I.
, and Izard
, M.
, 1971, “Protection Thermique de Tuyeres Supersoniques par Film Gazeux
,” Rech. Aerosp.
0034-1223, 4
, pp. 197
–208
.22.
Volchkov
, E. P.
, Koz'menko
, V. K.
, and Lebedev
, V. P.
, 1977, “Experimental Investigation of a Gas Screen Effectiveness in a Supersonic Axisymmetric Nozzle
, Izv. SSSR, Ser. Tekh. Nauk
, 2
(8
), pp. 40
–46
(in Russian).23.
Volchkov
, E. P.
, Koz'menko
, V. K.
, and Lebedev
, V. P.
, 1980, “Film Cooling Efficiency in Laval Nozzle at Off-Design Flow Conditions
,” J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys.
0021-8944, 21
(4
), pp. 511
–516
.24.
Lemanov
, V. V.
, and Misyura
, S. Ya.
, 1991, “Measurements in a Two-dimensional Turbulent Flow by Means of an Automated Hot-wire Anemometer
,” Izv. SSSR, Sib. Phys Tech. J.
, 3
, pp. 112
–115
, (in Russian).25.
Kalt
, S.
, and Badal
, D. L.
, 1965, “Characteristics of a Conical Nozzle with Separated Flow on a Wall
,” J. Spacecr. Rockets
0022-4650, 2
, pp. 447
–449
.26.
Rozhdestvensky
, V. I.
, Baruyshev
, Y. V.
, and Peiker
, N. K.
, 1974, “Investigation of Film Cooling Efficiency With Pressure Gradient
,” Institute of Mechanics MSU
, Moscow, Report No. 1526, p. 22
.Copyright © 2006
by American Society of Mechanical Engineers
You do not currently have access to this content.
