.... Based on the analysis of the operation presented in Sec. 2. 2 , a schematic of the LSSA is shown in Fig. 4. A similar model was first used by Liang to develop an actuator design method [ 11 ]. However, it is noteworthy that the working load, denoted as W , varied during the operation in our study...

... mentioned techniques and other similar devices soft and compliant IPMC actuators will be employed as cell and micro-organism manipulators. Through their natural passive compliance IPMCs add safety characteristics to the device, which is not present in current systems. The soft IPMCs will ensure the cell...

...WonHee Kim; Brian M. Barnes; Jonathan E. Luntz; Diann E. Brei The high energy density actuation potential of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire is tempered by conservative design guidelines set to mitigate complex factors such as functional fatigue (shakedown). In addition to stroke loss, shakedown...

... ∕ s 2 }. The performance of the macro in the ∣ v ̇ mac ∣ − ∣ ω ̇ mac ∣ plane with the new actuators is shown in Fig. 7 along with the mini’s performance in Fig. 3c shown as the dashed line. Figure 7 shows a significant increase in the macro’s performance...