This paper advocates correlating rolling torque or hydraulic expanding pressure with shear load strength instead of percent wall reduction as the criterion of expanding adequacy for thin-walled tubes. It compares magnitudes of measurements required to estimate wall reduction with cumulative hole-drilling and tube-manufacturing tolerances and graphically illustrates data scatter increase with ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness. As background it discusses expanding theory. It covers hydraulic, roller and hybrid expanding. It describes appropriate annular groove widths for hydraulic and hybrid expanding and concludes with comments on tube rolling procedure specifications and recommendations for two-stage and hybrid expanding.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Goodier
, J. N.
, and Schoessow
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, 1943
, “The Holding Power and Hydraulic Tightness of Expanded Tube Joints: Analysis of the Stress and Deformation
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Yokell
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.3.
Jawad, M. H., Clarkin, E. J., and Schuessler, R. E., 1988, “Evaluation of Tube-to-Tubesheet Junctions,” PVP. Vol. 195, presented at the 1988 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference and Exhibition, ASME, New York.
4.
Uragami, K., Sugino, M., Urushibata, S., Kodama, T., and Fujiwara, Y., 1982, “Experimental Residual Stress Analysis of Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints During Expansion,” ASME Paper 82-PVP-61.
5.
Kasraie, B., Porowski, J. S., O’Donnell, W. J., and Selz, A. “Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Tube Expansion in Tubesheets.”
6.
Fisher
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, “Tube Expanding and Related Subjects
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Updike, D. P., Kalnins, A., and Caldwell, S. M., 1989, “Residual Stress in Transition Zones of Heat Exchanger Tubes,” PVP-Vol. 175, presented at the 1989 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping ASME, New York.
8.
Yokell
, S.
, 1982
, “Heat Exchanger Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
,” Mech. Eng. (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.), Hp. 94.9.
Pollard, G. V., 1936, “Tight Joints for Condenser Tubes,” American Machinist, 80, pp. 955–956.
10.
Grimison
, E. D.
, and Lee
, H.
, 1943
, “Experimental Investigation of Tube Expanding
,” Trans. ASME, pp. 497–505.11.
Yokell
, S.
, and Wasson
, R.
, 1999
, “Seal Boiler Tube Leaks With New Hybrid Expansion Tools
,” Power
, 143
(4
), pp. 71
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.12.
Standards of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 1999, 8th ed., The Tubular Manufacturers Association, Tarrytown, New York, p. 71.
13.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 2001, Section IIB Non-ferrous Material Specifications, ASME, New York.
14.
Gaffoglio, C. J., and Thiel, E. W., Jr., “Tube to Tubesheet Joint Strengths,” Paper No. 81-JPGC-Pwr-7, presented at the Joint ASME/AIEE Power Generation Conference, ASME, New York.
15.
Yoshitomi, Y., Tamura, Z., Kanohara, H., Omura, K., Muratami, Y., Takata, T., and Nuwa, T., 1979, U.S. Patent No. 4,142,581, issued March 6, 1979.
16.
Thum, A., and Jantscha, R., 1930, “Einwalsen und Einpressen von Kessel und U¨berhitzerrohrea bei Verwandung Verschidener Werkstoffe,” Archiv fu¯¨r Warmewirtschaft und Damufkesselwesen, 11, pp. 207–401.
17.
Hahn, B., 2004, personal communication, Atlantic Group, Norfolk, VA.
Copyright © 2004
by ASME
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