.... The second stage of the hybrid expanding was by roller expanding intended to produce a final total percent wall reduction of 6–8%. Airetool manufactured the #1214 gun and tool for 6-in. (∼152-mm) reach with 2-in. (∼52-mm) roll depth. The tool is fitted with a thrust collar. The roll gage setup for 0.049...

... with cumulative hole-drilling and tube-manufacturing tolerances and graphically illustrates data scatter increase with ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness. As background it discusses expanding theory. It covers hydraulic, roller and hybrid expanding. It describes appropriate annular groove widths...