A Critical Review of Construction Using 3D Printing Technology

The limitations of traditional construction methods can be addressed by 3D printing, a technology that prints structural buildings in layers, which reduces labor, construction time, wastage of material, and the overall cost of the structure. This paper presents a literature review of the state-of-the-art of construction using 3D printing technology. We present a definition and a brief history of 3D printing in construction and discuss research contributions. Subsequently, we describe methods of pre-printing design, 3D design programs for construction, and on-site printing methods. Furthermore, the nature of the materials used, the printing properties, and the different construction mixtures are discussed. Additionally, the effects of commonly used chemical admixtures on the properties of the concrete mix are reviewed. Moreover, mixture tests for ensuring the requirements are met and the challenges faced in the standards and regulations during printing are discussed. Subsequently, we consider successful real-world cases from various companies and controlled laboratory environments using 3D printing based on the printing method, materials used, and challenges faced by each company. Lastly, we present future recommendations to improve the capability and printing quality of 3D printing technology.