Modeling and Numerical Simulation of a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Connected to a Solar Tracker

The Earth's atmosphere receives approximately 1353 W m⁻² of energy emitted by the Sun, is the primary source of radiation, and provides most of the energy available to life on Earth. The aim of this research is to study the optical and thermal performance of parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC), considering internal parameters and meteorological conditions. A three-dimensional numerical model was developed and approved. An in-depth parametric analysis was conducted on the numerous factors influencing the thermal behavior of the collector. To perfect the absorber tube's exposure to solar radiation throughout the day, we have developed an electrical circuit that enables the PTSC to track the sun. All solar flux received by the concentrator is efficiently directed to the absorber surface, maximizing solar energy capture. Our system is thus both cost-effective and efficient in maximizing the use of the solar energy received. The behavior of this circuit was simulated using isis software to verify its functionality. Using the finite volume method with the ansys fluent 3D CFD tool, we conducted a complete analysis and resolution of the system of equations. We evaluated the performance of the PTSC as a function of mass flowrate and type of heat transfer fluid. When the mass flowrate increases from 0.001 kg s⁻¹ to 0.003 kg s⁻¹, energy production rises from 4.0555 kWh to 4.1309 kWh over 23 h. As far as the heat transfer fluid is concerned, the thermal oil is an efficient heat transfer fluid, with an energy output of 4.8972 kWh.