The measurement of unsteady total temperature is of great interest for the examination of loss mechanisms in turbomachinery with respect to the improvement of the efficiency. Since conventional thermocouples are limited in frequency response, several fast-response total temperature probes have been developed over the past years. To improve the spatial resolution compared to these existing probes and maintaining a high temporal resolution, a new fast-response total temperature probe has been developed at the Institute of Aircraft Propulsion Systems (ILA), Stuttgart, Germany in cooperation with Berns Engineers, Gilching, Germany. The design of the probe allows a sensitive measuring surface below 1 mm2. A detailed insight into the design of the probe, the measurement principle, the calibration process, and an estimation of the measurement uncertainty is given in the present paper. Furthermore, to prove the functionality of the probe, first experimental results of a simple test bed and of area traverses downstream of the first rotor of a two-stage low pressure turbine are presented. It is shown, that the new probe is capable of detecting rotor characteristic effects as well as rotor-stator-interactions. In addition, a hot-spot is investigated downstream of the first rotor of the turbine, and the findings are compared to the effects known from the literature.
References
1.
Hodson
, H. P.
, and Dawes
, W. N.
, 1998
, “On the Interpretation of Measured Profile Losses in Unsteady Wake-Turbine Blade Interaction Studies
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
(2
), pp. 276
–284
.2.
Rose
, M. G.
, 2011
, “Unsteady Flow in Axial Turbines
,” Habilitation thesis
, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275955292_Unsteady_Flow_in_Axial_Turbines_Habil3.
Ng
, W. F.
, and Epstein
, A. H.
, 1983
, “High Frequency Temperature and Pressure Probe for Unsteady Compressible Flows
,” Rev. Sci. Instrum.
, 54
(12
), pp. 276
–284
.4.
Payne
, S. J.
, Ainsworth
, R. W.
, Miller
, R. J.
, Moss
, R. W.
, and Harvey
, N. W.
, 2003
, “Unsteady Loss in a High Pressure Turbine Stage
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 24
(5
), pp. 698
–708
.5.
Suryavamshi
, N.
, Lakshminarayana
, B.
, and Prato
, J.
, 1998
, “Aspirating Probe Measurements of the Unsteady Total Temperature Field Downstream of an Embedded Stator in a Multistage Axial Flow Compressor
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
(1
), pp. 156
–169
.6.
Buttsworth
, D. R.
, and Jones
, T. V.
, 1998
, “A Fast-Response Total Temperature Probe for Unsteady Compressible Flows
,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power
, 120
(4
), pp. 694
–702
.7.
Buttsworth
, D. R.
, and Jones
, T. V.
, 1998
, “A Fast-Response High Spatial Resolution Total Temperature Probe Using a Pulsed Heating Technique
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 120
(3
), pp. 601
–607
.8.
Gostelow
, J. P.
, and Carscallen
, W. E.
, 2010
, “Investigations of Eckert-Weise Energy Separation in the Wakes of Turbine Blades and Circular Cylinders
,” 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference
, Auckland, New Zealand, Dec. 5–9, pp. 317
–320
.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J_Gostelow/publication/267944774_Investigations_of_Eckert-Weise_Energy_Separation_in_the_Wakes_of_Turbine_Blades_and_Circular_Cylinders/links/54e861700cf25ba91c7d513e.pdf9.
Hogg
, S. I.
, Carscallen
, W. E.
, Gostelow
, J. P.
, Buttsworth
, D. R.
, and Jones
, T. V.
, 1997
, “Wide Bandwidth Stagnation Temperature Measurements in Vortical Flows Behind Turbine Vanes
,” ICIASF'97
Record, International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities
, Pacific Grove, CA, Sept. 29–Oct. 2, pp. 389
–400
.10.
Iliopoulou
, V.
, and Arts
, T.
, 2005
, “The Dual Thin-Film Probe for High-Frequency Flow Temperature Measurements
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A
, 219
(6
), pp. 461
–469
.11.
Mansour
, M.
, Chokani
, N.
, Kalfas
, A.
, and Abhari
, R. S.
, 2008
, “Time-Resolved Entropy Measurements Using a Fast Response Entropy Probe
,” Meas. Sci. Technol.
, 19
(11
), p. 115401.12.
Iliopoulou
, V.
, D′Enos
, T.
, Billiard
, N.
, and Arts
, T.
, 2004
, “Time-Averaged and Time-Resolved Heat Flux Measurements on a Turbine Stator Blade Using Two-Layered Thin-Film Gauges
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 126
(4
), pp. 570
–577
.13.
Mansour
, M.
, Chokani
, N.
, Kalfas
, A.
, and Abhari
, R. S.
, 2012
, “Impact of Time-Resolved Entropy Measurement on a One-and-One-Half-Stage Axial Turbine Performance
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 134
(2
), pp. 601
–607
.14.
Jenny
, P.
, Lenherr
, C.
, Abhari
, R. S.
, and Kalfas
, A.
, 2012
, “Effect of hot Streak Migration on Unsteady Blade Row Interaction in an Axial Turbine
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 134
(5
), pp. 601
–607
.15.
Weigel
, B.
, 2014
, “Entwicklung eines Sensors zur deterministischen Bestimmung der Totaltemperatur mit hoher räumlicher und zeitlicher Auflösung in durchströmten Systemen
,” Ph.D. thesis, Institute of Aircraft Propulsion Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.16.
Rose
, M. G.
, Weigel
, B.
, Eichler
, C.
, and Staudacher
, S.
, 2010
, “Fast Response Temperature Measurement Within a Gas Turbine
,” U.S. Patent No. PCT/EP2009/004,198.17.
Nakamura
, H.
, and Igarashi
, T.
, 2004
, “Unsteady Heat Transfer From a Circular Cylinder for Reynolds Numbers From 3000 to 15000
,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow
, 25
(5
), pp. 741
–748
.18.
Bose
, S. T.
, Wang
, B. C.
, and Saeedi
, M.
, 2012
, “Prediction of Unsteady Heat Transfer From a Cylinder in Crossflow
,” Studying Turbulence Using Numerical Simulation Databases—XIV, Summer Program 2012
, Stanford, CA, June–July, pp. 107
–116
.http://web.stanford.edu/group/ctr/Summer/SP12/02.04_bose.pdf19.
Doorly
, J. E.
, and Oldfield
, M. L. G.
, 1987
, “The Theory of Advanced Multi-Layer Thin Film Heat Transfer Gauges
,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer
, 30
(6
), pp. 1159
–1168
.20.
Oldfield
, M. L. G.
, 2008
, “Impulse Response Processing of Transient Heat Transfer Gauge Signals
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 130
(2
), p. 021023.21.
Cook
, W. J.
, and Felderman
, E. J.
, 1966
, “Reduction of Data From Thin-Film Heat-Transfer Gages: A Concise Numerical Technique
,” AIAA J.
, 4
(3
), pp. 561–562.22.
George
, W. K.
, Rae
, W. J.
, and Woodward
, S. H.
, 1991
, “An Evaluation of Analog and Numerical Techniques for Unsteady Heat Transfer Measurements With Thin-Filmgauges in Transient Facilities
,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.
, 4
(3
), pp. 333
–342
.23.
Piccini
, E.
, Guo
, S. M.
, and Jones
, T. V.
, 2000
, “The Development of a New Direct-Heat-Flux Gauge for Heat-Transfer Facilities
,” Meas. Sci. Technol
, 11
(4
), pp. 342
–349
.24.
Billiard
, N.
, Iliopoulou
, V.
, Ferrara
, F.
, and Dénos
, T.
, 2002
, “Data Reduction and Thermal Product Determination for Single and Multi-Layered Substrates Thin-Film Gauges
,” 16th Symposium on Measuring Techniques in Transonic and Supersonic Flow in Cascades and Turbomachines
, Sept., Cambridge, UK, Paper No. 6-2.http://www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk/whittle/rigs/symposium/papers/6-2.pdf25.
JCGM/WG 1
, 2008
, “Evaluation of Measurement Data Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
,” Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JGM, Standard No. JCGM 100:2008.26.
Gostelow
, J. P.
, 1977
, “A New Approach to the Experimental Study of Turbomachinery Flow Phenomena
,” ASME J. Eng. Power
, 99
(1
), pp. 97
–105
.27.
Schinko
, N.
, Kürner
, M.
, Staudacher
, S.
, Rose
, M.
, Gier
, J.
, Raab
, I.
, and Lippl
, F.
, 2009
, “Das ATRD-Projekt—Ein Beispiel f¨ur die Zusammenarbeit von Industrie und Universität zur Förderung der Grundlagenforschung
,” DGLRCongress 2009, Aachen, Germany, Paper No. DGLR-2009-121156.28.
Kürner
, M.
, Schneider
, C.
, Rose
, M. G.
, Staudacher
, S.
, and Gier
, J.
, 2010
, “LP Turbine Reynolds Lapse Phenomena: Time Averaged Area Traverse and Multistage CFD
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2010-23114. 29.
Schneider
, C.
, Schrack
, D.
, Kürner
, M.
, Rose
, M. G.
, Staudacher
, S.
, Gündogdu
, Y.
, and Freygang
, U.
, 2013
, “On the Unsteady Formation of Secondary Flow Inside a Rotating Turbine Blade Passage
,” ASME
Paper No. GT2013-94091. 30.
Shang
, T.
, and Epstein
, A. H.
, 1998
, “Analysis of Hot Streak Effects on Turbine Rotor Heat Load
,” ASME J. Turbomach.
, 119
(3
), pp. 544
–553
.31.
Kerrebrock
, J. L.
, and Mikolajczak
, A. A.
, 1970
, “Intra-Stator Transport of Rotor Wakes and Its Effect on Compressor Performance
,” ASME J. Eng. Power
, 92
(4
), pp. 359
–368
.32.
Butler
, T. L.
, Sharma
, O. P.
, Joslyn
, H. D.
, and Dring
, R. P.
, 1989
, “Redistribution of an Inlet Temperature Distortion in an Axial Flow Turbine Stage
,” J. Propul. Power
, 5
(1
), pp. 64
–71
.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
