This paper summarizes the development during the last 50 years of tilting pad journal bearing analysis and design. The major impetus of this development was a landmark paper published by Jørgen Lund in 1964, “Spring and Damping Coefficients for the Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing.” His paper contained the first widely published dynamic coefficients for tilting pad bearings along with his pad assembly method equations. In the 38 years since Lund’s publication, many other authors have written tilting pad journal bearing codes, the first of which were based on Lund’s assembly method. These assembly method codes were utilized for many years to analyze and design tilting pad bearings for improved rotordynamic performance. During this time, some key design tools were developed utilizing Lund’s method. Other authors have written newer codes which solve the energy and elasticity equations iteratively with the pressure equation, including pad degrees of freedom. With the simple addition of a turbulence correction and heat balance, many designers continue to utilize Lund’s method, shunning the more modern codes.
Issue Section:
Technical Papers
1.
Lund
, J. W.
, 1964
, “Spring and Damping Coefficients for the Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing
,” ASLE Trans.
, 7
, pp. 342
–352
.2.
Boyd
, J.
, and Raimondi
, A. A.
, 1953
, “An Analysis of the Pivoted-Pad Journal Bearing
,” Mech. Eng. (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.)
, 75
(5
), pp. 380
–386
.3.
Boyd
, J.
, and Raimondi
, A. A.
, 1962
, “Clearance Considerations in Pivoted Pad Journal Bearings
,” ASLE Trans.
, 5
(2
), pp. 418
–426
.4.
Hagg
, A. C.
, and Sankey
, G. O.
, 1958
, “Elastic and Damping Properties of Oil-Film Journal Bearings for Applications to Unbalance Vibration Calculations
,” ASME J. Appl. Mech.
, 25
(1
), pp. 141
–143
.5.
Orcutt
, F. K.
, 1967
, “The Steady-State and Dynamic Characteristics of the Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing in Laminar and Turbulent Flow Regimes
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
, 89
(3
), pp. 392
–404
.6.
Elwell
, R. C.
, and Findlay
, J. A.
, 1969
, “Design of Pivoted-Pad Journal Bearings
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
, 91
(1
), pp. 87
–103
.7.
Castelli
, V.
, Stevenson
, C. H.
, and Gunter
, E. J.
, 1964
, “Steady-State Characteristics of Gas-Lubricated, Self-Acting, Partial-Arc Journal Bearings of Finite Width
,” ASLE Trans.
, 7
, pp. 153
–167
.8.
Nicholas
, J. C.
, Gunter
, E. J.
, and Allaire
, P. E.
, 1979
, “Stiffness and Damping Coefficients for the Five Pad Tilting Pad Bearing
,” ASLE Trans.
, 22
(2
), pp. 112
–124
.9.
Allaire
, P. E.
, Nicholas
, J. C.
, and Gunter
, E. J.
, 1977
, “Systems of Finite Elements for Finite Bearings
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
, 99
(2
), pp. 187
–197
.10.
Nicholas, J. C., Gunter, E. J., and Barrett, L. E., 1978, “The Influence of Tilting Pad Bearing Characteristics on the Stability of High Speed Rotor-Bearing Systems,” Topics in Fluid Film Bearing and Rotor Bearing System Design and Optimization, an ASME publication, pp. 55–78.
11.
Jones
, G. J.
, and Martin
, F. A.
, 1979
, “Geometry Effects in Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings
,” ASLE Trans.
, 22
(3
), pp. 227
–244
.12.
Yamauchi, S., and Someya, T., 1977, “Balancing of a Flexible Rotor Supported by Special Tilting-Pad Bearings,” CIMAC Twelfth International Congress on Combustion Engines, Tokyo, Japan.
13.
Shapiro, W., and Colsher, R., 1977, “Dynamic Characteristics of Fluid Film Bearings,” Proceedings of the Sixth Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp. 39–53.
14.
Abdul-Wahed
, M. N.
, Frene
, J.
, and Nicolas
, D.
, 1979
, “Analysis of Fitted Partial Arc and Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings
,” ASLE Trans.
, 22
(3
), pp. 257
–266
.15.
Parsell
, J. K.
, Allaire
, P. E.
, and Barrett
, L. E.
, 1983
, “Frequency Effects in Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing Dynamic Coefficients
,” ASLE Trans.
, 26
, pp. 222
–227
.16.
Barrett
, L. E.
, Allaire
, P. E.
, and Wilson
, B. W.
, 1988
, “The Eigenvalue Dependence of Reduced Tilting Pad Bearing Stiffness and Damping Coefficients
,” ASLE Trans.
, 31
, pp. 411
–419
.17.
White
, M. F.
, and Chan
, S. H.
, 1992
, “The Subsynchronous Dynamic Behavior of Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 114
, pp. 167
–173
.18.
Brockett
, T. S.
, and Barrett
, L. E.
, 1993
, “Exact Dynamic Reduction of Tilting-Pad Bearing Models for Stability Analyses
,” STLE Trib. Trans.
, 36
, pp. 581
–588
.19.
Wygant, K. D., 2001, “The Influence of Negative Preload and Nonsynchronous Excitation on the Performance of Tilting Pad Journal Bearings,” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
20.
Knight
, J. D.
, and Barrett
, L. E.
, 1988
, “Analysis of Tilting Pad Journal Bearing With Heat Transfer Effects
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 110
(1
), 128
–133
.21.
Branagan, L. A., 1988, “Thermal Analysis of Fixed and Tilting Pad Journal Bearings Including Cross-Film Viscosity Variations and Deformation,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
22.
Ettles
, C. M.
, 1992
, “The Analysis of Pivoted Pad Journal Bearing Assemblies Considering Thermoelastic Deformation and Heat Transfer Effects
,” STLE Trib. Trans.
, 35
(1
), pp. 156
–162
.23.
Parkins
, D. W.
, and Horner
, D.
, 1993
, “Tilting Pad Journal Bearings-Measured and Predicted Stiffness Coefficients
,” STLE Trib. Trans.
, 36
(3
), pp. 359
–366
.24.
Kim
, J.
, Palazzolo
, A.
, and Gadangi
, R.
, 1995
, “Dynamic Characteristics of TEHD Tilt Pad Journal Bearing Simulation Including Multiple Mode Pad Flexibility Model
,” ASME J. Vibr. Acoust.
, 117
(1
), pp. 123
–135
.25.
Fillon
, M.
, Desbordes
, H.
, Frene
, J.
, and Wai
, C. C. H.
, 1996
, “A Global Approach of Thermal Effects Including Pad Deformation in Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings Submitted to Unbalance Load
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 118
(1
), pp. 169
–174
.26.
Nicholas, J. C., and Kirk, R. G., 1979, “Selection and Design of Tilting Pad and Fixed Lobe Journal Bearings for Optimum Turborotor Dynamics,” Proceedings of the Eighth Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp. 43–58.
27.
Nicholas
, J. C.
, and Kirk
, R. G.
, 1982
, “Four Pad Tilting Pad Bearing Design and Application for Multi-Stage Axial Compressors
,” ASME J. Lubr. Technol.
, 104
(4
), pp. 523
–532
.28.
Nicholas, J. C., 1994, “Tilting Pad Bearing Design,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp. 179–194.
29.
Gunter, E. J., Barrett, L. E., and Allaire, P. E., 1975, “Design and Application of Squeeze Film Dampers for Turbomachinery Stabilization,” Proceedings of the Fourth Turbomachinery Symposium, Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp. 127–141.
30.
Lund
, J. W.
, and Peterson
, L. B.
, 1987
, “The Influence of Pad Flexibility on the Dynamics of a Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 109
(1
), pp. 65
–70
.31.
Nicholas, J. C., and Wygant, K. D., 1995, “Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Pivot Design for High Load Applications,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, pp. 33–47.
Copyright © 2003
by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
